Which of the following involves software and procedures to detect unauthorized access to a system?

Intrusion detection involves a combination of software and established procedures specifically designed to monitor network traffic and system activities for signs of unauthorized access or security breaches. This method is essential in cybersecurity and health informatics, as it helps organizations safeguard sensitive information from malicious efforts. By analyzing patterns and behaviors, intrusion detection systems can alert administrators about potential threats, enabling timely responses to protect data integrity and confidentiality.

The other options refer to different concepts that do not focus specifically on detecting unauthorized access. Joint cognitive systems pertain to the study of how humans and technology collaborate to perform tasks. Knowledge transformation is related to the processes involved in converting knowledge from one form to another to optimize understanding and application. Learning generally refers to acquiring new knowledge or skills, which does not imply any specific mechanism for security monitoring or threat detection. Thus, the focus on security and monitoring in intrusion detection makes it the most relevant choice.