What defines a closed system in healthcare?

A closed system in healthcare is defined as one that is enclosed and does not interact with its environment. This means that the system operates independently, with all processes and data management happening internally without any external influence or exchange. It signifies that the information flow, decisions, and processes within the system are self-contained, making it resistant to external changes or disruptions.

In a closed system, data inputs come from within the system itself rather than incorporating outside information, which can limit adaptability and responsiveness to new developments in healthcare practices or technology. This is particularly critical in healthcare contexts where flexibility and responsiveness to external factors, such as patient needs and advancements in medical research, can significantly impact outcomes.

The other choices reflect characteristics of systems that are not closed, emphasizing interaction and adaptability, which are not defining features of a closed system.